@miseds dan repost
#Lesson18
1. Indirect Relative Clauses
So these are the other types of relative clauses in Irish. these use _a_ (in the present) and the -dependent- form of the verb, causing eclipse. They are used generally when:
(i) The clause contains a preposition
So if you want to say "The man who has the child". This would use a preposition in Irish, so you'd use the indirect relative clause.
So: An fear a bhfuil an gasúr aige.
Or, An fear ag a bhfuil an gasúr
(ii) They're also used if the clause is a genitive relation.
This is basically English 'whose'
"I see the man whose car is new."
Feicim an fear a bhfuil a charr nua
(iii) If the clause refers to:
(a) time
So, if you have time int eh clause, you lean towards the indirect relative clause
Sin é an lá a raibh tú anseo.
(b) A reason
Same as time, if it's describing a 'reason'. So, fáth, údar, etc.
Sin é an t-údar a raibh sise ansin.
(c) the word "áit"
Sin é an áit a bhfuil Seán
2. Double Indirect Relative
Much like with the direct relative clause, fi you have words that are follwed generally by "go/nach", you instead use another indirect relative clause.
An bhfuil an leabhar ar an mbord a sílim a bhfuil sé air?
Here you have your first indirect relative with "a sílim ..." The second comes with changing hte "go" of sílim to "a"
3. Some idioms combining ag and ar
Read this section. It gives some nice idioms uses "ag" and "ar". Really handy and will make your Irish seem more robust.
4. The preposition "as"
(i) Introduction
It means 'out of', basically. It does nothing by itself, but eclipses with a following article:
Is as Meiriceá mé
Is as an gCeathrú Rua é Seán.
(ii) Prepositional forms
Same as before, I'll include the COnnacht spelling in () if different
asam
asat (asad)
as
asti (aiste)
asainn (asainn)
asaibh (asaí)
astu (astab)
(iii) Meaning of as:
well, as I said, it's basic meaning is 'out of' — "Tóig an leabhar aníos as an mála"
Can also be used idiomatically for:
(a) to denote 'out of a material', as in, what you mae it out of.
Déanta as adhmad — made of wood
(b) Express 'out of', as a result of state of mine
"as fear" - out of anger
(c) To express 'from'
So when you're coming from a place, you use 'as' in Irish.
Tá mé ag teacht as Baile Átha Cliath (Bleá Cliath)
(d) to express 'of, from, out of' (smell, noise, movement)
used to express were a noise, smell or movement is coming from.
- Tá baladh as an bhfear sin — That man smells
(e) To express 'out, off'
Tá an tine as - the fire is out
Cas as an TV - Turn off the TV
(f) with féin to mean 'alone'
Tá mé as féin anois
(g) In certain adverbial expressions
Two mentioned here are "as cuma" = out of shape, and "as marc" = off target, wrong
(h) with 'a chéile' to express 'consecutive, in a row, asunder, apart'
Bhuaigh an fhoireann an corn trí bliana as a chéile - The team won the cup three years in a row
Tá sé ag titim as a chéile - It's falling apart
(iv) Idiomatic use with the copula
This is the example I used earlier. In Irish, you don't say people are 'from' a place. Instead, they are 'out of' a place. It's common for non-native speakers to get this right in the simple "I am from X" sentences, but they often mess it up in sentences like "I have a friend from X who said". Please don't — always use "as"
"Is as X mé/thú/srl" It's just how you express where you are from. "Cé as thú?" - is the question
5. Questions with prepositions:
You use cé and the follow it with the masculien third form of hte preosition:
Cé air a bhfuil an leabhar
Cé leis thú? (Very common in Connemara)
Cé aige a bhfuil an teach sin?
1. Indirect Relative Clauses
So these are the other types of relative clauses in Irish. these use _a_ (in the present) and the -dependent- form of the verb, causing eclipse. They are used generally when:
(i) The clause contains a preposition
So if you want to say "The man who has the child". This would use a preposition in Irish, so you'd use the indirect relative clause.
So: An fear a bhfuil an gasúr aige.
Or, An fear ag a bhfuil an gasúr
(ii) They're also used if the clause is a genitive relation.
This is basically English 'whose'
"I see the man whose car is new."
Feicim an fear a bhfuil a charr nua
(iii) If the clause refers to:
(a) time
So, if you have time int eh clause, you lean towards the indirect relative clause
Sin é an lá a raibh tú anseo.
(b) A reason
Same as time, if it's describing a 'reason'. So, fáth, údar, etc.
Sin é an t-údar a raibh sise ansin.
(c) the word "áit"
Sin é an áit a bhfuil Seán
2. Double Indirect Relative
Much like with the direct relative clause, fi you have words that are follwed generally by "go/nach", you instead use another indirect relative clause.
An bhfuil an leabhar ar an mbord a sílim a bhfuil sé air?
Here you have your first indirect relative with "a sílim ..." The second comes with changing hte "go" of sílim to "a"
3. Some idioms combining ag and ar
Read this section. It gives some nice idioms uses "ag" and "ar". Really handy and will make your Irish seem more robust.
4. The preposition "as"
(i) Introduction
It means 'out of', basically. It does nothing by itself, but eclipses with a following article:
Is as Meiriceá mé
Is as an gCeathrú Rua é Seán.
(ii) Prepositional forms
Same as before, I'll include the COnnacht spelling in () if different
asam
asat (asad)
as
asti (aiste)
asainn (asainn)
asaibh (asaí)
astu (astab)
(iii) Meaning of as:
well, as I said, it's basic meaning is 'out of' — "Tóig an leabhar aníos as an mála"
Can also be used idiomatically for:
(a) to denote 'out of a material', as in, what you mae it out of.
Déanta as adhmad — made of wood
(b) Express 'out of', as a result of state of mine
"as fear" - out of anger
(c) To express 'from'
So when you're coming from a place, you use 'as' in Irish.
Tá mé ag teacht as Baile Átha Cliath (Bleá Cliath)
(d) to express 'of, from, out of' (smell, noise, movement)
used to express were a noise, smell or movement is coming from.
- Tá baladh as an bhfear sin — That man smells
(e) To express 'out, off'
Tá an tine as - the fire is out
Cas as an TV - Turn off the TV
(f) with féin to mean 'alone'
Tá mé as féin anois
(g) In certain adverbial expressions
Two mentioned here are "as cuma" = out of shape, and "as marc" = off target, wrong
(h) with 'a chéile' to express 'consecutive, in a row, asunder, apart'
Bhuaigh an fhoireann an corn trí bliana as a chéile - The team won the cup three years in a row
Tá sé ag titim as a chéile - It's falling apart
(iv) Idiomatic use with the copula
This is the example I used earlier. In Irish, you don't say people are 'from' a place. Instead, they are 'out of' a place. It's common for non-native speakers to get this right in the simple "I am from X" sentences, but they often mess it up in sentences like "I have a friend from X who said". Please don't — always use "as"
"Is as X mé/thú/srl" It's just how you express where you are from. "Cé as thú?" - is the question
5. Questions with prepositions:
You use cé and the follow it with the masculien third form of hte preosition:
Cé air a bhfuil an leabhar
Cé leis thú? (Very common in Connemara)
Cé aige a bhfuil an teach sin?